Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an integrated approach to natural resource management that considers the entire ecosystem, including humans, rather than managing resources in isolation. It aims to sustain healthy, productive, and resilient ecosystems so that they can continue to provide essential goods and services such as food, water, livelihoods, and climate regulation. Unlike traditional sector-based management, which often focuses on a single resource like forests, fisheries, or water, EBM recognizes the interconnections among species, habitats, and ecological processes, and accounts for cumulative impacts of human activities on ecosystems. One of the key components of ecosystem-based management is a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem structure and function. This includes knowledge of biodiversity, species interactions, food webs, nutrient cycles, and energy flows within ecosystems. By understanding how different components of an ecosystem interact, managers can predict how changes in one part of the system may affect the whole. This scientific foundation is essential for making informed decisions that avoid unintended ecological consequences. Another important component is the inclusion of human dimensions. EBM explicitly recognizes humans as integral parts of ecosystems, not external pressures alone. Social, economic, and