Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an integrated approach to natural resource management that considers the entire ecosystem, including humans, rather than focusing on a single resource, species, or sector. It aims to maintain ecosystems in a healthy, productive, and resilient condition so that they can continue to provide essential goods and services such as food, water, climate regulation, and livelihoods. EBM recognizes that ecosystems are complex, dynamic, and interconnected systems, and therefore management decisions must account for ecological relationships, cumulative impacts of human activities, and long-term sustainability. The components of ecosystem-based management include ecological, social, economic, and institutional elements. The ecological component focuses on understanding ecosystem structure, functions, processes, and biodiversity. It involves identifying key species, habitats, trophic interactions, and ecological thresholds that are critical for ecosystem health. The social component acknowledges the role of human communities, traditional knowledge, cultural values, and stakeholder participation in resource management. It emphasizes