Russian literature exercised a profound influence on the Indian national movement by introducing ideas of social justice, equality, human dignity, and resistance against oppression. The translations of Russian literary works into Indian languages during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries inspired intellectuals, students, and political leaders. However, its influence was not entirely free from limitations and contradictions, making it necessary to examine both its contributions and criticisms. One of the major influences of Russian literature was the portrayal of the suffering of ordinary people under oppressive social and political systems. Writers such as Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekhov, and Fyodor Dostoevsky depicted the exploitation of peasants, workers, and marginalized communities. Their writings resonated with Indians living under British colonial rule, encouraging a deeper understanding of injustice and inspiring resistance against imperialism. The works of Tolstoy particularly influenced Mahatma Gandhi. Tolstoy’s emphasis on moral strength, non-violence, truth, and simplicity contributed significantly to Gandhi’s philosophy of Satyagraha. The correspondence between Gandhi and Tolstoy reflected the exchange of ideas on ethical resistance and social reform. Thus, Russian literature strengthened the moral foundation of the Indian freedom struggle. Maxim Gorky and other socialist writers inspired revolutionary groups and progressive intellectuals in India. Their writings highlighted class consciousness