Russian literature played a significant role in shaping the intellectual and political imagination of the Indian national movement, especially during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From the perspective of *Anuvad ki Rajniti* (Politics of Translation), the translation of Russian literary and political works into Indian languages was not merely a linguistic exercise but a political and ideological intervention. Through translations, ideas of social justice, equality, revolution, human dignity, and resistance against oppression reached Indian readers and contributed to anti-colonial consciousness. The arrival of translated works by Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, and later Soviet writers introduced Indian readers to new forms of social criticism. These translations challenged colonial narratives and inspired debates on freedom, morality, exploitation, and the rights of ordinary people. Translators acted as cultural mediators, selecting texts that resonated with the Indian struggle against British rule. Thus, translation became an act of political participation rather than neutral literary transmission. Leo Tolstoy had a profound influence on Mahatma Gandhi. Tolstoy's writings, particularly *The Kingdom of God Is Within You*, emphasized non-violence, moral courage, and resistance to injustice. Gandhi corresponded with Tolstoy and acknowledged his influence on the philosophy of Satyagraha. The translation of Tolstoy's ideas into Indian languages enabled wider access