Athletic training is a systematic and planned process of physical conditioning that aims to improve strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and overall performance. From the perspective of Physiological Anthropology, athletic training is studied as an interaction between human biological systems, environmental demands, and adaptive responses. The human body possesses remarkable ability to modify its structure and function according to repeated physical stress, a phenomenon known as muscular plasticity. Muscular plasticity refers to the capacity of skeletal muscles to undergo structural, biochemical, and functional changes in response to exercise and training. Skeletal muscles are highly adaptable tissues that respond to the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity. During athletic training, repeated muscle contractions create physiological stress that stimulates adaptive mechanisms. These adaptations involve changes in muscle fibre size, metabolic capacity, neural coordination, and energy utilization. The ability of muscles to remodel themselves allows athletes to achieve improved performance and efficiency. One of the major outcomes of athletic training is muscle hypertrophy, which is an increase in muscle size due to enlargement of individual muscle fibres. Resistance training, such as weight lifting, produces mechanical tension that activates muscle protein synthesis. This results in increased contractile proteins, particularly actin and myosin, leading to greater muscle strength and power. Hypertrophy is influenced by genetic factors, hormonal regulation, nutrition, and training methods, reflecting the biological diversity studied in physiological anthropology. Muscle