The colonial rule in India had a profound and far-reaching economic impact. British policies were primarily designed to serve the interests of the British Empire, and India was gradually integrated into a colonial economy that supplied raw materials to Britain and provided a market for British manufactured goods. This process significantly transformed India’s traditional economic structure. One of the major effects was the decline of traditional handicrafts and cottage industries. Before British dominance, Indian textiles, handicrafts, metalwork and other manufactured products had a strong position in both domestic and international markets. However, the Industrial Revolution in Britain led to the mass production of cheaper machine-made goods. British policies provided these goods easy access to Indian markets, while Indian products faced restrictions in Britain. As a result, many Indian artisans lost their livelihoods. The decline of handicrafts contributed to unemployment and increased dependence on agriculture. Colonial land revenue policies also