Urban livelihood concerns reflect the complex challenges faced by people striving to secure income, employment, and social well-being in cities. Rapid urbanization, migration, and globalization have transformed cities into engines of growth, but they have also widened inequalities and put pressure on housing, basic services, and job markets. One major concern is unemployment and underemployment, particularly for youth and marginalized groups. Informal sector work dominates in many developing urban areas, offering flexible opportunities but often with low wages, insecurity, and lack of social protection. Another challenge is the shortage of affordable and adequate housing, leading to the proliferation of slums and informal settlements where access to water, sanitation, and electricity remains limited. Rising costs of living, coupled with stagnating incomes for the urban poor, aggravate poverty and force households to compromise on food, education, or health care. Environmental degradation and climate-related risks present further livelihood threats. Air and water pollution, urban heat islands, and flooding from inadequate drainage systems disproportionately affect the poor, who often live in hazard-prone zones. Informal waste pickers, street vendors, construction workers, and other casual laborers face occupational health hazards without legal safeguards. Gender disparities persist as women frequently work in unpaid or low-paid care and service jobs, while persons with disabilities and migrants encounter barriers to secure decent work. Access to credit, markets, and skill development remains limited for small entrepreneurs and home-based workers, hindering their ability to enhance productivity or adapt to technological changes. Social exclusion and lack of voice in urban governance leave many without the ability to influence policies that shape their livelihoods. A sustainable livelihood framework provides an integrated approach to address these issues by focusing on people, their assets, and the enabling environment. The framework identifies five core assets—human, social, natural, physical, and financial capital—that households use to pursue livelihoods. Human capital involves education, skills, and health, while social capital refers to networks, trust, and collective action. Natural capital, though less dominant in urban contexts, includes green spaces, water bodies, and clean air that support quality of life. Physical capital encompasses infrastructure, housing, transport, and technology, whereas financial capital represents savings, credit, and income. A key element is understanding the vulnerability context, including shocks such as economic downturns, pandemics, or disasters, and trends like urban expansion or climate change. The framework also considers transforming structures and processes—government policies, market systems, legal norms, and institutions—that