Monitoring and evaluation are essential components of advocacy because they help determine whether advocacy efforts are effective, efficient, and capable of producing desired social and behavioural change. Advocacy aims to influence policies, systems, institutions, public opinion, and decision-makers. Since these outcomes are often complex and long term, monitoring and evaluation provide a systematic way to track progress, measure results, and improve strategies. Monitoring refers to the continuous collection and analysis of information during the implementation of advocacy activities. It helps organizations know whether planned actions are being carried out on time and as intended. For example, monitoring can track meetings with policymakers, media campaigns, community mobilization events, partnerships formed, and public responses. Through regular monitoring, advocacy groups can identify delays, resource gaps, or barriers and take corrective action immediately. Evaluation is the periodic assessment of the relevance, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability of advocacy initiatives. It examines whether advocacy efforts have achieved their objectives. For instance, evaluation may assess whether a policy was changed, whether awareness among stakeholders increased,