Climate change has become one of the most pressing global challenges, with profound consequences on the environment, society, and economies. Among the ecosystems most vulnerable to these changes, the ocean ecosystem stands at the forefront. Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and play a critical role in regulating the planet’s climate by absorbing carbon dioxide, storing heat, and supporting vast biodiversity. However, human-induced climate change has disrupted the delicate balance of ocean systems, leading to significant and sometimes irreversible impacts on marine ecosystems and the services they provide to humanity. The impacts are multi-dimensional, affecting physical, chemical, and biological processes, and they manifest in phenomena such as ocean warming, acidification, sea-level rise, altered circulation patterns, and ecosystem degradation. One of the most immediate impacts of climate change on the ocean ecosystem is ocean warming. As greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, a large share of this excess heat is absorbed by the oceans. Warmer sea surface temperatures affect marine species in several ways, ranging from altering their reproductive cycles to shifting their geographic distribution. For instance, many fish species are migrating poleward in search of cooler waters, which disrupts established food webs and fisheries. Coral reefs, often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea,” are particularly sensitive to temperature changes. Even a small rise in temperature can trigger coral bleaching, a process where corals expel the symbiotic algae living within them, leading to their death if stressful conditions persist. This not only threatens coral biodiversity but also affects millions of people who rely on reefs for food security, tourism, and coastal protection. Another critical impact of climate change on oceans is acidification. Oceans act as a natural sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, absorbing nearly a third of human emissions. While this helps mitigate the pace of atmospheric warming, it leads to a chemical reaction in seawater that lowers its pH, making it more acidic. Ocean acidification poses a grave threat to organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for building shells and skeletons, such as mollusks, crabs, and coral reefs. When the water becomes more acidic, the availability of carbonate ions decreases, weakening these organisms’ ability to grow and survive. This not only threatens marine biodiversity but also impacts human livelihoods, as shellfish and related industries are vital sources of income and nutrition for many communities. Climate change also contributes significantly to rising sea levels, largely due to the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, along with the thermal expansion of seawater as it warms. Rising sea levels pose dual threats to ocean ecosystems: inundation of coastal habitats and increased salinity intrusion into estuaries and freshwater systems. Coastal wetlands, mangroves, and salt marshes are particularly vulnerable, as they may not be able to migrate inland due to human development along coastlines. These ecosystems serve as nurseries for fish species, buffers against storms, and carbon sinks, meaning their loss would be