Cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power (CHP), is a process that simultaneously generates electricity and useful thermal energy from a single fuel source, thereby significantly improving overall energy efficiency compared to conventional power generation systems. In traditional power plants, fuel is primarily used to generate electricity, and a substantial portion of the energy—often 60 to 70 percent—is lost as waste heat discharged into the environment through cooling towers, flue gases, or condenser systems. This inefficiency limits the overall energy utilization of conventional power systems to about 30–40 percent. In contrast, cogeneration systems capture this waste heat and repurpose it for industrial processes, space heating, water heating, or district heating, which can elevate overall energy efficiency to 70–90 percent. In bio-energy applications, cogeneration becomes particularly advantageous because biomass often contains chemical energy in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other organic compounds. When biomass is combusted or gasified in a cogeneration unit, it produces high-temperature steam or gas that drives a turbine to generate electricity. Instead of letting the residual heat dissipate, cogeneration systems recover this thermal energy to produce