Biogas generation is a biological process in which microorganisms decompose organic matter under anaerobic conditions to produce methane, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The efficiency of this process depends on several environmental and operational parameters, among which temperature, pH, and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio play a crucial role. These parameters directly influence microbial activity, digestion rate, and overall gas yield. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting biogas production because the microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion are highly sensitive to temperature changes. Biogas generation typically occurs under two temperature ranges: mesophilic conditions (around 30–40°C) and thermophilic conditions (around 50–60°C). Under mesophilic conditions, microbial activity is stable and widely used in conventional biogas plants due to its lower energy requirement and operational simplicity. Thermophilic digestion, on the other hand, results in faster decomposition and higher biogas yield but requires careful control and higher energy input to maintain the elevated temperature. Sudden fluctuations in temperature can disrupt microbial populations, especially methanogenic bacteria responsible for methane production. If the temperature drops significantly, microbial metabolism slows down, reducing gas production. Conversely, excessively high temperatures can inhibit or kill microorganisms, leading to system failure. Therefore, maintaining an optimal and stable temperature is essential for efficient biogas generation. The pH level of the digester also significantly affects