Seasonal variability significantly influences the biomass supply chain because biomass resources are closely linked to agricultural cycles, climatic conditions, and natural growth patterns. Unlike fossil fuels that are available throughout the year in relatively stable quantities, biomass resources such as agricultural residues, forest residues, energy crops, and organic wastes fluctuate according to seasons. This variability affects the availability, collection, storage, transportation, and processing of biomass, creating challenges for maintaining a consistent supply of raw materials for bio-energy production. One of the major impacts of seasonal variability is irregular availability of biomass feedstock. Agricultural residues such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, and sugarcane bagasse are produced during specific harvesting seasons. For example, rice straw becomes available only after the rice harvesting period, while wheat residues are generated during a different season. As a result, biomass supply tends to be abundant during harvest periods but scarce during the rest of the year. Bio-energy plants that depend heavily on agricultural residues may therefore experience feedstock shortages during off-season periods, which can reduce plant efficiency or even interrupt operations. Weather conditions associated with different seasons also affect biomass quality and accessibility. During monsoon or rainy