The environment refers to the totality of physical, biological, and socio-cultural surroundings that influence the life and activities of human beings. Environmental anthropology examines the reciprocal relationship between humans and their environment, emphasizing how different societies adapt to ecological conditions and how human actions transform ecosystems. In the contemporary world, environmental issues have crossed national boundaries and have become global concerns because ecological systems are interconnected. Global environmental issues affect biodiversity, climate, health, livelihoods, and sustainable development, making international cooperation essential. One of the most significant global environmental issues is climate change. It is primarily caused by the increased concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane due to industrialization, deforestation, and the burning of fossil fuels. Rising global temperatures have resulted in melting glaciers, sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and changes in rainfall patterns. Anthropologists study how indigenous and rural communities adapt to these changes. For example, the Inuit communities of the Arctic face shrinking sea ice, affecting their traditional hunting practices and cultural identity. Similarly, farmers in drought-prone regions of Africa and India experience declining agricultural productivity due to unpredictable rainfall. Deforestation is another major