Health and environment are closely interconnected, as human health depends upon the quality of the physical, biological, and socio-cultural environment. Environmental Anthropology examines this relationship by studying how different societies perceive, utilize, and manage their surroundings and how environmental conditions influence patterns of health and disease. It emphasizes that health is not merely a biological condition but is shaped by ecological, cultural, economic, and social factors. The environment includes natural elements such as air, water, soil, climate, vegetation, and animals, as well as the built and social environment created by human activities. A healthy environment provides clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food, proper sanitation, and a stable climate, all of which are essential for human survival and well-being. Conversely, environmental degradation can increase the risk of diseases and reduce the quality of life. Environmental anthropologists study the adaptation of human populations to different ecological settings. Communities living in forests, deserts, mountains, coastal areas, or river valleys develop unique cultural practices to maintain health in their specific environments. Indigenous knowledge systems often include medicinal plants, dietary habits, sanitation practices, and resource conservation techniques that promote sustainable living and disease prevention. The relationship between environment and health is evident in the spread of infectious diseases. Contaminated water can cause cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and hepatitis, while poor sanitation encourages the transmission of parasites and other pathogens. Air pollution contributes to respiratory