Aggregate planning in agribusiness refers to the medium-term planning of production, workforce, inventory, and distribution activities to meet fluctuating demand in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In the context of production and supply chain management in agribusiness, aggregate planning is especially complex because agricultural production is influenced by biological processes, seasonality, perishability, and market volatility. Several internal and external factors influence aggregate planning decisions in agribusiness. One of the most important factors is demand variability and seasonality. Demand for agricultural products often fluctuates due to seasonal consumption patterns, festivals, income changes, export demand, and changing consumer preferences. For example, demand for fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and processed foods may rise during specific seasons or festive periods. Accurate demand forecasting becomes critical in order to balance production levels with expected sales. If demand is overestimated, it leads to excess inventory and wastage, particularly in perishable commodities. If underestimated, it results in stock-outs and lost market opportunities. Another major factor is the nature of agricultural production itself. Agricultural output depends on climatic conditions, rainfall, temperature, pests, and diseases. These biological and environmental uncertainties make production planning less flexible compared to manufacturing industries. Crop cycles and livestock gestation periods cannot be easily shortened to respond to sudden demand increases. Therefore, aggregate planning must consider the biological lead times and natural constraints of production. Capacity constraints also significantly influence aggregate planning. In agribusiness, capacity includes land availability, irrigation facilities, storage infrastructure, processing units, cold chain systems, transportation facilities, and labor availability. Limited storage facilities, especially cold storage for perishable products, can restrict the ability to build inventory during peak production seasons. Similarly, processing plants may have limited capacity, affecting the quantity that can be processed and supplied to markets. Workforce availability and labor productivity are equally important. Agricultural operations often require seasonal labor for sowing, harvesting, sorting, grading, and packaging. Shortage of skilled or unskilled labor during peak seasons can disrupt planned production schedules. Labor laws, wage rates, and union regulations also influence decisions related to hiring, layoffs, overtime, and subcontracting. Cost considerations play a central role