Intermediaries in India have undergone significant transformation with the rapid expansion of cyberspace technology and the growth of digital communication platforms. In the early phase of the internet in India during the late 1990s and early 2000s, intermediaries primarily consisted of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and basic web-hosting services. Their role was largely technical, limited to providing access and infrastructure without significant involvement in user-generated content. At that time, regulatory oversight was minimal, and the legal framework for cyberspace was still evolving. The enactment of the Information Technology Act, 2000 marked a major milestone in defining the role and liability of intermediaries. The Act recognized intermediaries as entities that receive, store, or transmit electronic records on behalf of others. Initially, the law did not clearly distinguish between different types of intermediaries, such as social media platforms, search engines, e-commerce websites, and messaging services. However, as digital participation increased and online platforms became central to social, economic, and political interactions, the need for clearer definitions and accountability mechanisms became evident. A crucial development occurred with the 2008 amendment to the IT Act, which introduced Section 79, providing “safe harbour” protection to intermediaries. Under