Data security and management refer to the practices, policies, technologies, and processes used to protect data from unauthorized access, corruption, theft, and loss, while ensuring that it is organized, stored, and utilized efficiently throughout its lifecycle. In the era of cyberspace technology, where vast amounts of personal, corporate, and governmental information are generated and transmitted digitally, data security and management have become central to addressing critical social issues such as privacy, identity theft, cybercrime, digital inequality, and trust in digital systems. Data security primarily focuses on safeguarding digital information from breaches and misuse. It involves protecting data at rest, in transit, and in use. Encryption is a key method used to secure data by converting it into unreadable code that can only be accessed with a decryption key. Authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as passwords, biometrics, and multi-factor authentication, ensure that only authorized individuals can access sensitive information. Firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems further protect networks and systems from malicious attacks. Regular software updates and vulnerability assessments are