Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology to exhibit desired traits such as pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, or enhanced nutritional content. The ecological aspects of GMOs and their potential impact on biodiversity have become a major focus in both plant and animal tissue culture research. In plant tissue culture, GMOs are commonly produced through techniques such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or biolistic methods, allowing precise introduction of specific genes into crops like Bt cotton, herbicide-resistant soybean, or Golden Rice. In animal tissue culture, GMOs include transgenic animals like goats producing therapeutic proteins in milk or genetically modified fish with faster growth rates. One of the ecological concerns of GMOs in agriculture is their potential to affect non-target organisms. For instance, Bt crops produce a toxin that kills certain insect pests; however, studies have shown that non-target insects, including beneficial