Transgenic animals are organisms whose genome has been artificially modified by the introduction of foreign genes, allowing them to express traits or produce proteins that are not naturally present in the species. This genetic modification is achieved using molecular techniques such as microinjection, viral vectors, or gene targeting, and it has wide applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Transgenic animals serve as models for studying human diseases, producing therapeutic proteins, and improving agricultural productivity. The creation of transgenic goats involves several key steps. Initially, the gene of interest is isolated and inserted into a suitable vector, often linked to regulatory sequences that ensure proper expression in the target tissue. For example, to produce pharmaceutical proteins in milk, the gene is fused with a mammary gland-specific promoter. This recombinant DNA construct is then introduced into fertilized goat embryos, typically using microinjection into the pronucleus of a single-cell zygote. The injected embryos are cultured briefly in