Question
लोक नीति का अर्थ, प्रकृति और क्षेत्र का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1231
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लोक नीति से अभिप्राय उन सिद्धांतों, निर्णयों, कार्यक्रमों, योजनाओं तथा कार्यवाहियों से है जिन्हें सरकार सार्वजनिक हित की प्राप्ति, सामाजिक समस्याओं के समाधान, संसाधनों के न्यायसंगत वितरण तथा नागरिकों के कल्याण के उद्देश्य से अपनाती है। यह केवल सरकार द्वारा किए गए कार्यों तक सीमित नहीं होती, बल्कि सरकार द्वारा जानबूझकर किसी विषय पर कार्य न करने का निर्णय भी लोक नीति का भाग माना जाता है। लोक नीति राज्य, समाज और नागरिकों के बीच संबंधों को व्यवस्थित करने का प्रमुख साधन है। यह लोकतांत्रिक शासन व्यवस्था का आधार है तथा प्रशासन को दिशा प्रदान करती है। आधुनिक कल्याणकारी राज्य में लोक नीति का महत्व अत्यधिक बढ़ गया है क्योंकि सरकारों की भूमिका केवल कानून-व्यवस्था बनाए रखने तक सीमित न रहकर शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, पर्यावरण, रोजगार, सामाजिक सुरक्षा, आर्थिक विकास तथा राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा जैसे विविध क्षेत्रों तक विस्तृत हो गई है। लोक नीति की अवधारणा का विकास सार्वजनिक प्रशासन, राजनीति विज्ञान, अर्थशास्त्र, समाजशास्त्र तथा प्रबंधन जैसे विषयों के संयुक्त योगदान से हुआ है। नीति निर्माण एक निरंतर चलने वाली प्रक्रिया है जिसमें समस्या की पहचान, विकल्पों का विश्लेषण, निर्णय लेना, कार्यान्वयन, मूल्यांकन तथा आवश्यक संशोधन सम्मिलित होते हैं। इस प्रकार लोक नीति केवल एक दस्तावेज नहीं, बल्कि सतत परिवर्तनशील प्रक्रिया है। लोक नीति की प्रकृति बहुआयामी है। इसकी पहली विशेषता यह है कि यह लक्ष्य उन्मुख होती है। प्रत्येक लोक नीति का निर्माण किसी निश्चित उद्देश्य की प्राप्ति के लिए किया जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए गरीबी उन्मूलन, बेरोजगारी में कमी, शिक्षा का सार्वभौमीकरण या पर्यावरण संरक्षण जैसी नीतियाँ विशिष्ट लक्ष्यों को ध्यान में रखकर बनाई जाती हैं। दूसरी विशेषता यह है कि लोक नीति सार्वजनिक हित पर आधारित होती है। इसका प्रमुख उद्देश्य किसी विशेष व्यक्ति या समूह के बजाय व्यापक जनसमुदाय के
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