Question
रैयतवाड़ी बंदोबस्त
Answer :
Word Count : 1247
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रैयतवाड़ी बंदोबस्त ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान भारत में लागू की गई प्रमुख भू-राजस्व व्यवस्थाओं में से एक था। इसका विकास मुख्यतः मद्रास और बंबई प्रेसीडेंसी में हुआ और इसका उद्देश्य सरकार तथा कृषक के बीच सीधे राजस्व संबंध स्थापित करना था। यह व्यवस्था स्थायी बंदोबस्त से भिन्न थी, जिसमें जमींदारों को राजस्व वसूली का माध्यम बनाया गया था। रैयतवाड़ी व्यवस्था में सरकार ने मध्यस्थों को हटाकर सीधे उस किसान से भू-राजस्व वसूलने का प्रयास किया जो भूमि पर खेती करता था। इस व्यवस्था का विकास अठारहवीं शताब्दी के अंत और उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के प्रारंभ में ब्रिटिश प्रशासन के विस्तार के साथ हुआ। रैयतवाड़ी व्यवस्था के विकास में थॉमस मुनरो और कैप्टन अलेक्जेंडर रीड का विशेष योगदान था। प्रारंभिक प्रयोग मद्रास प्रेसीडेंसी के बारामहल क्षेत्र में किए गए। बाद में थॉमस मुनरो ने इसे अधिक व्यवस्थित रूप प्रदान किया। 1820 में मद्रास के गवर्नर बनने के बाद मुनरो ने इस व्यवस्था को व्यापक रूप से लागू किया। बंबई प्रेसीडेंसी में भी बाद में इसी प्रकार की व्यवस्था विकसित की गई, जिसमें एल्फिंस्टन और अन्य ब्रिटिश अधिकारियों की भूमिका रही। इसका आधार यह विचार था कि भारत के अनेक क्षेत्रों में गाँव या किसान ही भूमि से वास्तविक रूप से जुड़े हुए थे और इसलिए सरकार को राजस्व वसूली के लिए जमींदारों पर निर्भर रहने की आवश्यकता नहीं थी। रैयतवाड़ी व्यवस्था में ‘रैयत’ शब्द का अर्थ कृषक या किसान था। इस प्रणाली में प्रत्येक कृषक को उसकी खेती की गई भूमि के संबंध में सरकार का प्रत्यक्ष करदाता माना गया। भूमि
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