Question
भारत में प्राच्यवादी
Answer :
Word Count : 1243
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# भारत में प्राच्यवादी भारत में प्राच्यवाद (Orientalism) से आशय उस बौद्धिक एवं प्रशासनिक प्रवृत्ति से है, जिसके अंतर्गत ब्रिटिश विद्वानों और अधिकारियों ने भारत की प्राचीन भाषाओं, साहित्य, धर्म, दर्शन, कानून, इतिहास, कला और सामाजिक संस्थाओं का अध्ययन किया। अठारहवीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्ध से उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के मध्य तक प्राच्यवाद ने ब्रिटिश शासन की नीतियों तथा भारतीय अतीत की यूरोपीय समझ को गहराई से प्रभावित किया। प्राच्यवादियों का विश्वास था कि भारत की सभ्यता अत्यंत प्राचीन और समृद्ध है तथा भारतीय समाज को समझने के लिए संस्कृत, फारसी और अरबी जैसी भाषाओं तथा भारतीय ग्रंथों का अध्ययन आवश्यक है। भारत में प्राच्यवाद के विकास की पृष्ठभूमि ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के राजनीतिक विस्तार से जुड़ी थी। जब कंपनी ने बंगाल में अपना राजनीतिक नियंत्रण स्थापित किया, तब ब्रिटिश अधिकारियों को भारतीय कानून, रीति-रिवाज, प्रशासनिक परंपराओं और धार्मिक संस्थाओं को समझने की आवश्यकता महसूस हुई। प्रारंभिक ब्रिटिश अधिकारियों में कुछ ऐसे लोग थे जिन्होंने भारतीय संस्कृति के प्रति वास्तविक जिज्ञासा और सम्मान प्रदर्शित किया। वॉरेन हेस्टिंग्स का शासनकाल इस दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण था। उनका मानना था कि भारतीयों पर शासन करते समय उनकी सामाजिक और धार्मिक परंपराओं को समझना आवश्यक है। उन्होंने भारतीय कानूनों और संस्कृत ग्रंथों के अध्ययन को प्रोत्साहित किया। वॉरेन हेस्टिंग्स के संरक्षण में हिंदू कानून को समझने के लिए संस्कृत ग्रंथों का फारसी और फिर अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद कराया गया। 1776 में नाथनियल ब्रैसी हैलहेड ने ‘A Code of Gentoo Laws’ प्रकाशित किया, जो हिंदू कानूनों की व्याख्या का प्रारंभिक प्रयास था। इसी प्रकार ब्रिटिश अधिकारियों ने मुस्लिम कानून को समझने के लिए फारसी और अरबी विद्वानों की सहायता ली। इससे ब्रिटिश प्रशासन को भारतीय समाज की कानूनी और सामाजिक
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