Question
भारत में साक्षरता को बढ़ावा देने के लिए प्रमुख राष्ट्रीय पहलों और सरकारी प्रयासों पर चर्चा करें।
Answer :
Word Count : 815
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Skip in 10
भारत में साक्षरता को बढ़ावा देना सामाजिक न्याय, आर्थिक विकास, लैंगिक समानता तथा लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक माना गया है। शिक्षा व्यक्ति को ज्ञान, कौशल, आत्मविश्वास और अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूक बनाती है। विशेष रूप से महिलाओं के सशक्तिकरण के संदर्भ में साक्षरता का महत्व और अधिक बढ़ जाता है, क्योंकि शिक्षित महिला परिवार, समाज और राष्ट्र के विकास में सक्रिय भूमिका निभाती है। स्वतंत्रता के बाद से भारत सरकार ने साक्षरता के विस्तार हेतु अनेक राष्ट्रीय पहलें और सरकारी कार्यक्रम संचालित किए हैं। संविधान के अनुच्छेद 21(क) के अंतर्गत 6 से 14 वर्ष तक के बच्चों के लिए शिक्षा को मौलिक अधिकार बनाया गया। इसके साथ ही 86वें संविधान संशोधन ने प्राथमिक शिक्षा को कानूनी आधार प्रदान किया, जिससे सार्वभौमिक शिक्षा की दिशा में महत्वपूर्ण प्रगति हुई। यह प्रावधान देश में साक्षरता बढ़ाने की आधारशिला सिद्ध हुआ। राष्ट्रीय साक्षरता मिशन (National Literacy Mission) की शुरुआत 1988 में वयस्क निरक्षरों को कार्यात्मक साक्षरता प्रदान करने के उद्देश्य से की गई। इस मिशन का लक्ष्य विशेष रूप से 15 से 35 वर्ष आयु वर्ग के लोगों को पढ़ना, लिखना और गणना करना सिखाना था। इसमें स्वयंसेवकों, सामाजिक संगठनों तथा स्थानीय समुदाय की सक्रिय भागीदारी सुनिश्चित
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