Women's empowerment and development have been shaped by the contributions of several scholars who have challenged traditional views of gender inequality and proposed frameworks for achieving equality. Among the most influential are Naila Kabeer and Amartya Sen, whose ideas have significantly influenced academic debates, development policies, and gender-sensitive planning across the world. Naila Kabeer is one of the foremost scholars in the field of gender and development. Her work focuses on understanding empowerment as a process through which individuals who have been denied the ability to make strategic life choices acquire such an ability. According to Kabeer, empowerment consists of three interconnected dimensions: resources, agency, and achievements. Resources include material, human, and social assets that enhance an individual's capacity to make choices. Agency refers to the ability to define goals and act upon them through decision-making, negotiation, resistance, and leadership. Achievements are the outcomes resulting from the effective exercise of agency. Kabeer argues that empowerment cannot be measured solely by economic indicators such as income or employment. True empowerment requires women to gain control over their lives, participate in household and community decision-making, and challenge discriminatory social norms. She highlights the importance of education, access to credit, legal rights, political participation, and social support in expanding women's choices. Her framework has been widely adopted by international organizations,