Question
डगलस मैकग्रेगर की थ्योरी ‘X’ और थ्योरी ‘Y’ का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 661
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Skip in 10
डगलस मैकग्रेगर आधुनिक प्रबंध सिद्धांत के प्रमुख विचारकों में से एक थे। उन्होंने 1960 में अपनी प्रसिद्ध पुस्तक *The Human Side of Enterprise* में मानव व्यवहार और प्रबंधन शैली को समझाने के लिए थ्योरी ‘X’ और थ्योरी ‘Y’ प्रस्तुत की। ये दोनों सिद्धांत कर्मचारियों के प्रति प्रबंधकों की धारणाओं को व्यक्त करते हैं। मैकग्रेगर का मानना था कि किसी भी संगठन में प्रबंधक कर्मचारियों के बारे में जो धारणा रखते हैं, उसी के आधार पर उनकी नेतृत्व शैली, नियंत्रण प्रणाली तथा प्रेरणा के तरीके निर्धारित होते हैं। थ्योरी ‘X’ पारंपरिक प्रबंधन दृष्टिकोण का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। इसके अनुसार यह माना जाता है कि अधिकांश कर्मचारी स्वभाव से काम करना पसंद नहीं करते और अवसर मिलने पर कार्य से बचने का प्रयास करते हैं। वे जिम्मेदारी लेने से बचते हैं, उनमें महत्वाकांक्षा कम होती है तथा वे सुरक्षा को अधिक महत्व देते हैं। इसलिए उन्हें कार्य कराने के लिए कठोर नियंत्रण, अनुशासन, निगरानी, दंड तथा आदेशों का प्रयोग आवश्यक माना जाता है। इस सिद्धांत में प्रबंधक निर्णय लेने की शक्ति अपने पास रखते
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