The Swaraj Party was one of the most significant political organizations that emerged during the Indian national movement in the early twentieth century. It was formed in 1923 by prominent nationalist leaders Chittaranjan (C.R.) Das and Motilal Nehru after a major difference of opinion arose within the Indian National Congress regarding the future strategy of the freedom struggle. The party played a vital role in maintaining the momentum of the national movement during a period of political uncertainty and made important contributions by exposing the limitations of British constitutional reforms, strengthening nationalist politics, and preparing the ground for future mass movements. The immediate background to the formation of the Swaraj Party was the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident. The sudden withdrawal of the movement created disappointment among many nationalists, who believed that the struggle against British rule should continue through other means. Gandhi was also imprisoned soon afterward, leading to a temporary vacuum in political leadership. Within the Congress, two groups emerged regarding the future course of action. The first group, known as the "No-Changers," supported Gandhi's constructive programme, including promotion of khadi, village industries, national education, removal of untouchability, and prohibition. They opposed participation in the legislative councils established by the British under the Government of India Act of 1919. The second group, known as the "Pro-Changers," argued that nationalists should enter the legislative councils to oppose colonial policies from within and expose the undemocratic nature of British administration. This group established the Swaraj Party. The Swaraj Party was officially founded in January 1923 at Allahabad. Chittaranjan Das became its President, while Motilal Nehru served as one of its principal leaders. Other important members included N.C. Kelkar, Vithalbhai Patel, Srinivasa Iyengar, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, and Madan