Question

Why is academic freedom essential for the working of the Universities? Give examples to substantiate your answer.

12 Dec 2017
Answer :
Word Count : 541

Academic freedom is the belief that the freedom of inquiry by faculty members is essential to the mission of the academy as well as the principles of academia, and that scholars should have freedom to teach or communicate ideas or facts (including those that are inconvenient to external political groups or to authorities) without being targeted for repression, job loss, or imprisonment.

Academic freedom is a contested issue and, therefore, has limitations in practice. In the United States, for example, according to the widely recognized "1940 Statement on Academic Freedom and Tenure", teachers should be careful to avoid controversial matter that is unrelated to the subject. When they speak or write in public, they

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Related Questions

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Why is academic freedom essential for the working of the Universities? Give examples to substantiate your answer.

How can the principle of equity be ensured with privatization of higher education? Give

On the one hand we are worried about the so called ‘mushroom growth’ of the universities and colleges, and on the other, are unable to provide access to education even at par with most other developing countries in the world. Further, while enrolment of women and those belonging to SC/ST groups and other backward communities has improved, they are still very much under represented. Thus, the twin issue of access and equity needs to be tackled by adopting alternative strategies.

As we all know, providing increased access to education, meeting the challenge of equity and improving the quality of education all entail large investment. It is all the more necessary to ensure continuous inflow of funds needed for implementing and carrying out relevant programmers and activities. But then there does exist the problem of resource crunch. A suggested way out is exploring additional avenues of generating systems own resources instead of being fully dependent on the State exchequer. It is imperative here that the higher education system has to seek participation both of the Government as well as private and voluntary bodies. Some amount of private funding thus appears inevitable for making up the deficit caused by inadequate state funding.

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Lack of adequate funds in education is the most crucial issue. While overall investment in education as a proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP) has gone up from 1.2 per cent in 1950s to 3.7 per cent in the 1990s, it is still below the norm of 6 per cent as stated in the National Policy on Education. University education has particularly been hit hard. Most higher education institutions all over the country are facing acute financial crisis. Two important questions immediately intervene themselves: One, what is the justification for so radically changing the 40-year old policy of state support to higher education, and two, how could the state extend financial support to higher education at a time when the country is facing severe resource crunch?

Since provision of free and compulsory education at the elementary stage is a Constitutional commitment, budgetary allocation for this sector of education is continuously on increase while the University and higher education has got a raw deal for the sixth year in succession. This is in keeping with the declared objective of the Union Government that the lion’s share of funding for higher education must come from sources other than the Government. The consequence of inadequate investment in higher education is serious. While the Universities are at pain in persuading the Government for increased budgetary allocations, some of them have simultaneously taken measures for generating funds of their own.

In most institutions of higher education, at present, the tuition fees contribute very little towards earnings while the recurring expenditure on each student is much higher. In fact, an upward revision of fees is over due. The need to raise the tuition fees to at least 20% of the recurring expenditure per student generally and at a still higher level in higher professional and technical courses is being advocated. Increase in fees from the foreign students at further higher levels is being talked about by reserving seats for them in select institutions like the IIT and the IIMS. While measures such as these appear realistic, their repercussions need to be thoroughly assessed before taking some definite decision in the matter. Particularly, interests of poor students generally and those Indian students who are pitted against the foreign students admitted on the basis of higher fees need to be protected.

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