Question
What is xeroderma pigmentosum? Describe the cause of the disease.
Answer :
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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. Individuals with XP have a significantly higher risk of developing skin cancer, eye damage, and other UV-induced conditions. The disease arises due to a defect in the DNA repair mechanisms, specifically in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which is responsible for repairing DNA damage caused by UV radiation. In XP patients, this repair system is impaired, leading to an accumulation of mutations in skin cells after exposure to UV light.
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