DNA replication in prokaryotes is a highly regulated and efficient process that ensures accurate duplication of the genetic material before cell division. In prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria, replication begins at a specific region of the circular chromosome known as the origin of replication, or oriC. This region contains specific DNA sequences that are recognized by initiator proteins and is rich in adenine–thymine base pairs, which are easier to separate due to fewer hydrogen bonds. The process starts with initiation, where the initiator protein DnaA binds to the oriC region and causes localized unwinding of the DNA double helix. This unwinding creates an open complex that allows other proteins to assemble. The helicase enzyme, DnaB, is then loaded onto the DNA with the help of DnaC. Helicase moves along the DNA strands, breaking hydrogen bonds and further unwinding the helix to form replication forks. Single-strand binding proteins attach to the separated strands to