Theory is a systematic set of concepts, assumptions, definitions, and propositions that explains relationships among observed phenomena. It provides a logical framework for understanding why and how events occur. In anthropology, theories help researchers interpret human behaviour, social institutions, cultural practices, and biological variation in a meaningful and organized manner. Rather than merely describing facts, theory seeks to explain patterns and predict relationships between variables. It serves as a bridge between empirical observations and general principles, allowing researchers to develop a coherent understanding of complex social and cultural realities. Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to answer questions or solve problems. Theory and research are closely interrelated. While theory guides research by providing direction and conceptual clarity, research evaluates, modifies, and refines theories through empirical evidence. Thus, theory is both the starting point and the outcome of scientific inquiry. One of the primary roles of theory in research is to provide a conceptual framework. It identifies the important concepts relevant to the study and explains how these concepts are related. In anthropological research, theories such as structural-functionalism, cultural materialism, symbolic anthropology, and evolutionism help researchers understand different dimensions of society and culture. A