The distinction between growth and development is central to the study of labour and labour markets, as it reflects not only the expansion of economic activity but also the transformation of human well-being and social structures. Economic growth generally refers to a quantitative increase in a country’s output of goods and services over time, usually measured by indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross National Income (GNI). It is concerned with the rise in aggregate production, income levels, and consumption capacity. Growth is thus a numerical and value-based concept, emphasizing expansion in measurable economic variables. In contrast, development is a broader and more qualitative concept that encompasses improvements in the quality of life, reduction in poverty and inequality, enhancement of human capabilities, and expansion of opportunities for individuals to lead meaningful lives. Growth can occur without development if the benefits of increased production are unevenly distributed or if they fail to improve living standards for the majority of the population. For instance, a country may experience rapid industrial growth driven by capital-intensive sectors, yet unemployment may persist or even increase due to the displacement of labour. In such a situation, labour markets may exhibit structural imbalances, where growth does not translate into employment generation or improved working conditions. Development, on the other hand, implies structural transformation of the economy, including diversification of employment, better wages, improved labour rights, and enhanced access to education and healthcare. It is therefore possible to argue that while growth is a necessary condition for development, it is not sufficient. In labour market theory, the difference becomes particularly significant. Growth-oriented approaches often assume that increased investment and production will automatically create employment opportunities through the “trickle-down” effect. However, development-oriented perspectives challenge this assumption by emphasizing the need for inclusive growth, where labour is not merely a factor of production but a central focus of policy. Development thus incorporates aspects such as job quality, social security, gender equity, and the elimination of exploitative labour practices. To move beyond purely quantitative measures like GDP, economists and social theorists have developed qualitative approaches to measuring development. One of the most influential contributions in this regard comes from Amartya Sen, whose capability approach redefines development as the expansion of individuals’ capabilities and freedoms. According to this perspective, development should be assessed not merely by income levels but by the ability of individuals to achieve valuable functionings, such as being educated, healthy, and socially included. In the context of