IGNOU MSW 32 2026 2027 - What is the adversarial criminal justice system? Why is the principle

Question

What is the adversarial criminal justice system? Why is the principle of ‘presumption of
innocence’ considered central to the adversarial criminal justice system.

20 Jul 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 687

The adversarial criminal justice system is a legal process in which two opposing parties, namely the prosecution and the defence, present their cases before an impartial judge or jury. The prosecution represents the State and is responsible for proving that the accused has committed the alleged offence. The defence represents the accused and seeks to challenge the prosecution's evidence and arguments. The judge acts as a neutral authority who ensures that the trial follows the law, protects the rights of both parties, and delivers a fair judgment based on the evidence presented. This system is followed in many common law countries, including India, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia. The primary objective of the adversarial system is to ensure fairness by allowing both sides an equal opportunity to present their case. The prosecution collects evidence, examines witnesses, and establishes the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. The defence has the right to cross-examine witnesses,

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