A spectral signature is the unique pattern of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and a material at different wavelengths. It represents the amount of energy reflected, absorbed, or transmitted by an object across the electromagnetic spectrum. In remote sensing, spectral signatures are used to identify, classify, and study various objects on the Earth’s surface. Different materials have different chemical compositions, physical structures, and moisture conditions, which cause them to respond differently to incoming radiation. The variation of reflectance with wavelength is generally represented through a spectral reflectance curve. The spectral signature of an object depends on several factors such as wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, surface roughness, moisture content, atmospheric conditions, and the characteristics of the material itself. Remote sensing systems record these differences using sensors operating in various spectral bands. The analysis of spectral signatures helps in applications such as vegetation mapping, soil classification, agricultural monitoring, and environmental studies. Vegetation has a distinct spectral signature because of the presence of pigments, cellular structure, and water content in plants. The interaction of vegetation with electromagnetic radiation changes significantly across different wavelength regions. In the visible region (0.4–0.7 µm), vegetation shows low reflectance because chlorophyll pigments strongly absorb radiation for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs mainly blue (0.45 µm) and red (0.65 µm) wavelengths, while it reflects more green light (around 0.55 µm), which is why healthy vegetation appears green. In the near-infrared (NIR) region (0.7–1.3 µm), healthy vegetation shows very high reflectance. This is due to the internal structure of plant leaves, where air spaces between cells cause strong