Question
What is SCID? Describe its classification, diagnosis and symptoms.
Answer :
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of rare, inherited disorders characterized by profound defects in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. It results from impaired development and function of T lymphocytes along with variable defects in B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Because of this combined immune deficiency, affected individuals are extremely susceptible to recurrent, severe, and often life-threatening infections from early infancy. SCID represents a medical emergency and is often fatal within the first year of life if untreated. SCID is classified based on the pattern of lymphocyte involvement and the underlying genetic or metabolic defect. One major classification is T⁻B⁺NK⁻ SCID, commonly caused by mutations in the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene, leading to X-linked SCID. In this form, T cells and NK cells are absent or nonfunctional, while B cells are present but
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