Question
Explain the role of Xanthine oxidase in purine catabolism.
Answer :
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Purine catabolism in humans involves the sequential degradation of adenine and guanine nucleotides to uric acid, and xanthine oxidase plays a central role in the final oxidative steps of this pathway. Purine nucleotides are first converted into their corresponding nucleosides and free bases through dephosphorylation and deamination reactions. Adenine is deaminated to hypoxanthine, while guanine is directly deaminated to xanthine. Xanthine oxidase is a molybdenum-containing flavoprotein enzyme primarily located in the liver and intestinal mucosa, where it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and subsequently xanthine to uric acid. These reactions represent
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