The liver is the central metabolic organ of the body and plays a dominant role in maintaining overall metabolic homeostasis. It shows a highly specialized metabolic profile because it integrates the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides according to the nutritional and physiological state of the body. Hepatocytes possess a wide range of enzymes that allow both anabolic and catabolic reactions to occur efficiently, making the liver metabolically versatile. In carbohydrate metabolism, the liver maintains blood glucose levels. It carries out glycogenesis after meals by converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage. During fasting, hepatic glycogenolysis releases glucose into the bloodstream. The liver is also the primary site of gluconeogenesis, synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. Unlike muscle, the liver contains glucose-6-phosphatase, enabling it to release free glucose into circulation. This unique enzymatic feature underlines its organ-specific role in glucose homeostasis. In lipid metabolism, the liver is involved in fatty acid synthesis,