A safety management system is a structured and systematic approach designed to manage safety risks in an organization by integrating policies, procedures, practices, and organizational structures. It aims to identify hazards, assess risks, and implement appropriate controls to prevent accidents, injuries, and occupational illnesses. It operates on the principle that safety is not an isolated function but an integral part of overall management and organizational culture. A well-designed safety management system ensures continuous improvement, compliance with legal requirements, and proactive prevention rather than reactive response to accidents. One of the most important management approaches towards a safety management system is the proactive approach. This approach focuses on identifying potential hazards before they result in accidents. It includes activities such as risk assessment, safety audits, inspections, and hazard identification techniques. Instead of waiting for accidents to occur, organizations anticipate risks and take preventive measures. This aligns with the philosophy that prevention is better than cure and reduces the cost associated with accidents. Another key approach is the reactive approach, which involves learning from past incidents and accidents. This includes accident investigation, root cause analysis, and implementation of corrective actions. Although it is based on events that have already occurred, it provides valuable insights into system failures and human errors. Organizations use this approach to improve safety procedures and prevent recurrence of similar