Management process refers to the systematic series of activities through which managers achieve organisational objectives by effectively using human, financial, physical, and informational resources. It provides a framework for planning and coordinating organisational activities and ensures that employees work in a coordinated manner towards common goals. The management process is continuous and generally involves planning, organising, staffing, directing, and controlling. These functions are closely related and are performed together to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. The first step is planning. Planning involves deciding in advance what is to be done, how it is to be done, when it is to be done, and who will do it. It includes setting objectives, identifying available resources, analysing alternatives, and selecting the most appropriate course of action. Planning provides direction to the organisation and reduces uncertainty. For example, if a company plans to launch a new product, management