Question
What is International Humanitarian Law? Discuss the conditions in which it is applied.
Answer :
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International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also referred to as the law of armed conflict or the law of war, is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict on people and property. Its primary purpose is to protect individuals who are not participating in hostilities, such as civilians, medical personnel, and aid workers, as well as to regulate the means and methods of warfare. IHL is grounded in principles of humanity, distinction, proportionality, and necessity, aiming to balance military necessity with humanitarian considerations. Key legal instruments forming the foundation of IHL include the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, their Additional Protocols of 1977, and customary international law, which collectively provide a framework for both state and non-state actors during conflicts. IHL is applied specifically in situations of armed conflict, which can be classified into two main types: international armed conflicts (IACs) and non-international armed conflicts (NIACs). International armed conflicts occur between two or more states and are fully regulated by the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I,
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