Demand forecasting is the systematic process of estimating the future demand for a product, service, or resource over a specific period of time by using historical data, market analysis, and quantitative and qualitative techniques. In the context of project management, demand forecasting plays a critical role in planning, scheduling, budgeting, procurement, capacity management, and risk management. Accurate demand forecasts help project managers ensure that the right amount of resources—such as manpower, materials, finances, and technology—are available at the right time, thereby reducing wastage, delays, cost overruns, and customer dissatisfaction. Demand forecasting also supports strategic decisions related to project selection, scope definition, and long-term organizational planning. Various methods are used for forecasting demand, and these methods are generally classified into qualitative and quantitative approaches. The selection of a suitable method depends on factors such as the availability of data, the nature of the product or service, the forecasting horizon, and the level of accuracy required. Qualitative methods of demand forecasting are mainly based on judgment, experience, and subjective evaluation rather than numerical data. These methods are especially useful when historical data is limited or when forecasting demand for new products, innovative services, or unique projects. One widely used qualitative method is the Delphi technique. In this method, a panel of experts is selected, and their opinions about future demand are collected through structured questionnaires in multiple rounds. After each round, a summary of responses is shared anonymously with the panel, allowing experts to revise their views until a reasonable consensus is achieved. In project management, the Delphi technique is often used for forecasting demand for new technologies, research projects, or infrastructure projects where uncertainty is high. Another qualitative method is market research or consumer survey. This involves collecting data directly from customers through interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, and observation. The aim is to understand customer preferences, purchasing intentions, and expected usage patterns. In project management, market research helps forecast demand for project outputs such as housing projects, software systems, or public services. Although this method provides valuable insights, it can be time-consuming, costly, and subject to response bias. Expert opinion is another commonly used qualitative approach. In this method, experienced managers, engineers, consultants, or industry specialists estimate future demand based on their knowledge and past experience. This approach is simple and quick, making it useful in early project planning stages. However, it heavily depends on the expertise and objectivity of the individuals involved, which can limit accuracy. Quantitative