The term ‘human security’ represents a significant shift in the way security is traditionally understood within the disciplines of humanities and social sciences. Earlier, security was largely viewed from the perspective of the state, focusing on protecting territorial integrity, sovereignty, and political independence from external threats such as war and invasion. However, the concept of human security broadens this narrow understanding by placing the individual, rather than the state, at the center of security concerns. It emphasizes the protection and well-being of people in their everyday lives, recognizing that threats to security are not limited to military conflicts but also include economic deprivation, health crises, environmental degradation, and social injustices. Human security was prominently articulated in the 1994 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This report defined human security as encompassing both “freedom from fear” and “freedom from want.” Freedom from fear refers to protection from violence, conflict, and physical harm, while freedom from want addresses basic needs such as food, shelter, health, and education. Later, a third dimension—“freedom to live in dignity”—was also emphasized, highlighting the importance of human rights, equality, and social inclusion. Together, these dimensions reflect a holistic understanding of security that goes beyond survival to include quality of life and human development. Human security can be understood through its key components or dimensions. Economic security involves ensuring a basic and stable income for individuals, whether through employment, social safety nets, or state support. In many parts of the world, poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality pose serious threats to human security, leading to social unrest and reduced life opportunities. Food security refers to the availability and accessibility of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Hunger and malnutrition remain persistent challenges, particularly in developing countries, affecting physical and cognitive development and undermining human dignity. Health security is another crucial aspect, focusing on protection from diseases and unhealthy conditions. The recent global experiences with pandemics such as COVID-19 have demonstrated how health crises can disrupt societies, economies, and daily life, thereby becoming major threats to human security. Environmental security deals with the protection of