Automated storage and retrieval refers to the use of integrated mechanical, electronic, and computer-controlled systems to automatically place materials into storage locations and retrieve them when required, with minimal or no human intervention. It is a key concept in modern materials management and operations management, especially in environments where efficiency, accuracy, speed, and optimal space utilization are critical. An automated storage and retrieval system, commonly known as AS/RS, typically consists of storage racks, storage and retrieval machines such as cranes or shuttles, conveyors, sensors, control software, and interfaces with inventory management or enterprise resource planning systems. Together, these components ensure that materials are stored systematically and retrieved precisely according to operational needs. In traditional storage systems, materials handling depends heavily on manual labor, forklifts, and human decision-making, which often leads to inefficiencies such as longer retrieval times, higher labor costs, errors in picking, damage to goods, and underutilization of vertical space. Automated storage and retrieval addresses these issues by replacing or supplementing manual processes with machines that operate based on predefined instructions and real-time data. Each item or load unit is assigned a specific location in the storage structure, and the system records this information digitally, allowing instant identification and access whenever required. From the perspective of management of machines and materials, automated storage and retrieval represents a strategic investment in material handling technology. It enables better coordination between production, warehousing, and distribution functions. The system operates on principles of mechanization, automation, and information integration. When a request for material is generated, either from the production floor or