Tides are the periodic and rhythmic rise and fall of sea level caused primarily by the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun, together with the centrifugal force generated by the Earth–Moon system. They are one of the most significant oceanographic phenomena, influencing coastal processes, navigation, marine ecosystems, fishing, and sediment transport. Although both the Moon and the Sun exert gravitational forces on the Earth's oceans, the Moon has a much greater influence because of its closer proximity to the Earth. Tides generally occur twice a day as high tides and low tides, though the exact pattern varies depending on coastal configuration, ocean basin shape, and local geographical conditions. The mechanism of tides is based on differential gravitational attraction. The side of the Earth facing the Moon experiences a strong gravitational pull, creating a tidal bulge and resulting in high tide. Simultaneously, another tidal bulge forms on the opposite side of the Earth due to the centrifugal force associated with the Earth-Moon system. Areas located between these bulges experience low tides. As the Earth rotates on its axis, different coastal regions pass through these bulges, producing alternating high and low tides. Spring tides occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned in a straight line during the new moon and full moon phases. In this arrangement, the gravitational forces of