The Jarawas are one of the indigenous tribal communities of the Andaman Islands in India. They have lived in the forests of South and Middle Andaman for thousands of years and have traditionally depended on hunting, fishing, and gathering for their livelihood. Their unique culture, language, and way of life have remained largely isolated from the outside world. However, in recent decades, the Jarawas have faced several threats that endanger their survival, identity, and traditional lifestyle. These threats have become an important concern in discussions of tribal rights, cultural preservation, and human development. One of the greatest threats to the Jarawas is outside contact. Increased interaction with settlers, tourists, and workers has exposed them to diseases against which they have little or no natural immunity. Common illnesses such as influenza, measles, and respiratory infections can spread rapidly among the Jarawas and may cause serious health problems or even deaths. Such contact also disturbs their traditional way of life and creates dependence on outsiders. The construction and continued use of the Andaman Trunk Road (ATR) is another major threat. The road passes through the Jarawa Tribal Reserve, bringing constant