The New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced in India in 1991, marked a significant shift from a state-controlled economy to a liberalized, privatized, and globalized economic system. While the policy accelerated economic growth, attracted foreign investment, and expanded industrial development, its impact on tribal communities has been mixed. Tribals, who constitute one of the most marginalized sections of Indian society, have experienced both opportunities and challenges due to the economic transformations brought by the NEP. One of the major effects of the NEP has been the increased exploitation of natural resources. Liberalization encouraged private and multinational companies to invest in mining, power generation, infrastructure, and industrial projects. Many of these projects were located in tribal-dominated regions rich in forests, minerals, and water resources. As a result, large-scale acquisition of tribal land took place, often without adequate consultation or fair compensation. This led to displacement, loss of livelihood, and disruption of traditional ways of life. Displacement has been one of the most severe consequences for tribal communities. Construction of dams, mining projects, industrial corridors, and highways forced many tribal families to leave their ancestral lands. Since tribal identity, culture, and economy are closely connected with land and forests, displacement not only caused economic hardship but also weakened their social and cultural institutions. Rehabilitation measures have often been inadequate, resulting in increased poverty and social insecurity. The commercialization of forests