Disasters are serious events that cause widespread damage to life, property, the environment, and the economy, often exceeding the capacity of the affected community to cope using its own resources. They may be natural or human-induced and can occur suddenly or develop gradually over time. Understanding the major causes and impacts of disasters is essential in disaster management because it helps governments, organizations, and communities develop effective prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery strategies. Natural causes of disasters arise from environmental and geological processes. Earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface, causing severe destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, and public infrastructure. Volcanic eruptions release lava, ash, and toxic gases, affecting nearby settlements and agriculture. Floods are caused by heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, dam failures, storm surges, or poor drainage systems. Cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons develop over warm ocean waters and bring strong winds, heavy rainfall, and coastal flooding. Droughts occur due to prolonged periods of low