Question

What are the diftrcrit agents of contamination? Discuss by giving suitable exanìples

08 Mar 2018
Answer :
Word Count : 2134

Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most commonly are transmitted in contaminated fresh water. Infection commonly results during bathing, washing, drinking, in the preparation of food, or the consumption of food thus infected. Various forms of waterborne diarrheal disease probably are the most prominent examples, and affect mainly children in developing countries; according to the World Health Organization, such diseases account for an estimated 4.1% of the total DALY global burden of disease, and cause about 1.8 million human deaths annually. The World Health Organization estimates that 88% of that burden is attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene.

Protozoan infections

Disease and Transmission

Microbial Agent

Sources of Agent in Water Supply

General Symptoms

Amoebiasis (hand-to-mouth)

Protozoan (Entamoeba histolytica) (Cyst-like appearance)

Sewage, non-treated drinking water, flies in water supply

Abdominal discomfort, fatigue, weight loss,diarrhea, bloating, fever

Cryptosporidiosis(oral)

Protozoan (Cryptosporidium parvum)

Collects on water filters and membranes that cannot be disinfected, animal manure, seasonal runoff of water.

Flu-like symptoms, watery diarrhea, loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, bloating, increased gas, nausea

Cyclosporiasis

Protozoan parasite (Cyclospora cayetanensis)

Sewage, non-treated drinking water

cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, fever, and fatigue

Giardiasis (fecal-oral) (hand-to-mouth)

Protozoan (Giardia lamblia) Most common intestinal parasite

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