Conduct a survey in your locality and collect information on the different measures adopted at the
household level for disinfecting water. Present your answer in tabulated form.
Objective To compare the effect on prevalence of diarrhoea and mortality of household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, and standard practices in areas with turbid water source.
Design Cluster randomised controlled trial over 20 weeks. Setting Family compounds, each containing several houses, in rural western Kenya. Participants 6650 people in 605 family compounds. Intervention Water treatment: flocculant-disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, and usual practice (control).
Main outcome measures Prevalence of diarrhoea and all cause mortality. Escherichia coli concentration, free residual chlorine concentration, and turbidity in household drinking water as surrogates for effectiveness of water treatment.
Results In children < 2 years old, compared with those in the control compounds, the absolute difference in prevalence of diarrhoea was –25% in the flocculant-disinfectant arm (95% confidence interval –40 to –5) and –17% in the sodium hypochlorite arm (–34 to 4). In all age groups compared with control, the absolute difference in prevalence was –19% in the flocculant-disinfectant arm (–34 to –2) and –26% in the sodium hypochlorite arm (–39 to –9). There were significantly fewer deaths in the intervention compounds than in the control compounds (relative risk of death 0.58, P = 0.036). Fourteen per cent of water samples from control compounds had E coli concentrations < 1 CFU/100 ml compared with 82% in flocculant-disinfectant and 78% in sodium hypochlorite compounds. The mean turbidity of drinking water was 8 nephelometric turbidity units
______ ____ ____ ______ _________ ___ __________ _______ ___.
___ _____ ______ ________ ______ ________ ____ __________ _____ _____ __________ ________.
__________ __________ ____ __________ __________ _________.
______ _____ _________ _________ ______ _______ ____ ________ ____.
______ ____ _______ ___ ____ ________.
__________ __________ __________ ___ _________.
__________ __________ ________ ________ __________ _________ _________.
____ ________ _________ _____ _______ _____ ______ ________ _________ _____ __________ _______.
______ _____ _______ __________ ______ _____ ___ _______ _______ _____.
________ _____ ________ ________ ________ ___ _____ _____ _______ _____ ______.
______ __________ ________ ___ ________ _______ _________ ________ _____ _________ _____ ______.
____ _____ _________ ___ __________ ___.
___ ___ _______ ______ ___.
_____ _______ _______ _____ _________ ______ _______ ______ _________ __________.
_____ ____ ___ _____ _________ ________ ____ ________.
____ ___ ______ ______ _________ ___ __________ ___ _______ ____.
_________ _______ _____ _______ _____ ______ ___ ______ ____ _________ ________ ___.
___ _______ __________ ___ _____ _______ _______ _______ ________ _________ ______.
____ ______ _____ ______ ___.
___ ______ ______ _________ _______ _____ __________.
________ ______ ____ _______ _____ _________.
_______ _________ _________ _______ _______ _________ __________ ________ _______ _______ _______.
______ ________ ____ ______ _____ ___ __________ ____ _________ ___ ________ ___.
______ ___ _____ __________ __________ __________ ______ ___.
___ _________ ____ __________ _____ ___ __________ ___.
_____ ________ _________ ______ ____ ______ _____ __________ _________.
_____ ____ ___ _______ _________ ________ _____ __________ _________ _______ _______ ______.
_______ ____ _________ ___ _____ _____ _______ ___ _______.
____ ___ __________ __________ __________ ___ ______ ___.
____ ________ ___ ____ __________.
________ ____ ________ ____ ________ ___ ____ _________ ______ _________ __________ __________.
______ _______ _______ __________ _____ ____ ______ _________.
_________ __________ _____ ____ __________ __________ _____ _______ ___.
____ ______ __________ ________ __________.
___ __________ __________ _______ _________ _______ ______ ______.
______ __________ ___ ________ _____.
_____ ________ ___ ________ _________ ___.
______ ______ __________ _________ __________ _________ _________ __________ ______.
____ ______ __________ __________ __________ ________ ________.
________ ______ ________ _______ _________ ______ ___ ________ _____.
_________ ____ ______ _____ ________ ____ ____ _______ _________.
_________ _______ ______ _______ __________ _____ _________ _________ _______ _______ ____ ________.
_________ _____ ________ ______ _______.
______.
- Solved Assignments
- Study Notes
- Guess Papers
- Question Papers
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required