Outline the causes of accidents in power distribution systems and the general measures for preventing them. Describe the first aid measures to help the victim of : (i)Electric shock, (ii)Burns, (iii)Physical shock, (iv)Heat exhaustion, and (v)Heat stroke.
Causes of accidents in power distribution systems divided into two categories: Direct and Indirect
Direct Causes of Accidents
Accidents occur due to both unsafe acts of workforce and unsafe working conditions.
· Unsafe acts refer to the violation of commonly accepted safe procedures of working.
· Unsafe conditions refer to the conditions with potential of causing injury to a person or damage to the equipment.
Indirect Causes of Accidents
These comprise all such factors that give rise to direct causes. These include lack of knowledge and skills, physiological/anatomical deficiencies and inappropriate psychological traits of workers.
· Lack of knowledge and skills is marked by incorrect knowledge, incomplete knowledge, low degree of skill or lack of skill and misunderstanding of job instructions.
· Inappropriate physiological/anatomical deficiencies refer to poor eyesight, hearing defects, lack of fitness, illness, allergies, etc.
· Inappropriate psychological traits characterize workers who are arrogant, lazy, fearful, careless, nervous, egoistical, absent-minded and over-confident.
General Measures for Preventing Accidents
Walks, staircases, fire escapes and all other passages should be kept free of all obstructions;
Tools and materials should not be placed where they may cause tripping or stumbling hazards or where they may fall and strike anyone below;
Puddles of oil and water create slipping hazards and should be cleaned up promptly;
Nails in boards (such as those removed from scaffolds, forms and packing boxes) constitute hazards. These should be removed and the boards should be carefully stacked or stored; and
Dirty and oily waste rags should be deposited in approved containers and disposed off as soon as practicable to avoid fire hazard.
(i) Electric shock
RELEASE FROM CONTACT
Switch off the electric supply immediately or send someone to do so. Do not attempt to remove a person from contact with high voltages unless suitable articles insulated for the system voltages are used for the purposes. When attempting to free a person from contact with low or medium voltage, use rubber gloves, shoes, mat, cardboard, plastic, wood or insulated stick, but if these are not available use a loop of rope, cap or coat to drag the person free. Whatever is used should be dry and non-conducting.
AFTER RELEASE
As soon as the victim is clear off the conductor, check the person's breathing and pulse. Rapidly feel with your finger
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