Outline the causes of accidents in power distribution systems and the general measures for preventing them. Describe the first aid measures to help the victim of : (i)Electric shock, (ii)Burns, (iii)Physical shock, (iv)Heat exhaustion, and (v)Heat stroke.
Causes of accidents in power distribution systems divided into two categories: Direct and Indirect
Direct Causes of Accidents
Accidents occur due to both unsafe acts of workforce and unsafe working conditions.
· Unsafe acts refer to the violation of commonly accepted safe procedures of working.
· Unsafe conditions refer to the conditions with potential of causing injury to a person or damage to the equipment.
Indirect Causes of Accidents
These comprise all such factors that give rise to direct causes. These include lack of knowledge and skills, physiological/anatomical deficiencies and inappropriate psychological traits of workers.
· Lack of knowledge and skills is marked by incorrect knowledge, incomplete knowledge, low degree of skill or lack of skill and misunderstanding of job instructions.
· Inappropriate physiological/anatomical deficiencies refer to poor eyesight, hearing defects, lack of fitness, illness, allergies, etc.
· Inappropriate psychological traits characterize workers who are arrogant, lazy, fearful, careless, nervous, egoistical, absent-minded and over-confident.
General Measures for Preventing Accidents
Walks, staircases, fire escapes and all other passages should be kept free of all obstructions;
Tools and materials should not be placed where they may cause tripping or stumbling hazards or where they may fall and strike anyone below;
Puddles of oil and water create slipping hazards and should be cleaned up promptly;
Nails in boards (such as those removed from scaffolds, forms and packing boxes) constitute hazards. These
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